Applications for laser cleaning

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From manufacturing plants and medical labs to the automotive, aviation, and steel fabrication industries,
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is becoming the most preferred method for surface cleaning of materials.


Although the use of lasers in
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, drilling, and
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applications is well known, its current adaptation in industrial cleaning applications is relatively new and unexplored.


This current application of lasers came as a result of the need for a nonhazardous, nonabrasive cleaning method that could be used as a substitute in applications where chemical, manual, and abrasive blasting methods were formerly used.


Benefits of using lasers in cleaning applications

Key problems presented by conventional cleaning methods include negative environmental impact and wear on the substrate. Abrasive blasting systems created significant amounts of waste and damaged delicate surfaces, while the use of chemical solvents resulted in potentially hazardous vapors and liquid waste products.


This led to the adaptation of laser technology in surface cleaning applications. Due to its many benefits,
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is now the most effective method of removing unwanted matter from the surface of materials.


Currently, there is a wide array of pulsed laser cleaning and de-coating systems used in various applications ranging from removing vulcanizing residue from tire molds and engraving surfaces by ablation to stripping insulation from conductors and de-coating paint from delicate surfaces.



Some of the many benefits of using lasers in surface cleaning applications include:


Automated and nonrandom cleaning method

Reduced amount of waste products

Increased safety

No need for chemicals or blasting media

Nonabrasive and noncontact cleaning process

Laser cleaning applications

Surface profiling and rust removal in steel fabrication.
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is also an effective and efficient method for removing rust and scale from metallic materials. Rust and scale are contaminants that form on metal surfaces as a result of natural or artificial processes. When metals are exposed to moisture, they react with water to form ferrous oxides, resulting in rust. This rust degrades the quality of the metal, making it unsuitable for use in various applications.
llowing:



Thorough removal of shop-primer, hydrates, and oxide layers

De-greasing and de-oiling

Apart from welding and brazing preparation, lasers can also be used to remove weld residues such as residual flux and oxide materials as well as thermal stains from finished weld joints. This cleaning method is particularly beneficial for stainless steel parts since laser light suspends grain boundaries, ensuring that weld seams are passivated—thus increasing corrosion resistance.



The benefits of using laser cleaning in welding and
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and brazing pretreatment applications include:



Adjustable wavelengths and power for precise treatment of joining surfaces over a wide range of material thicknesses

No damage to the underlying substrate—that is, the galvanized layers of sheet steel

Partial decoating. Laser cleaning is particularly effective in applications that require the partial removal of paint or coatings from finished surfaces. It can be used on virtually all surface types, whether chemically anodized, oxidized, or organic.
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can be used to de-coat solar panels and remove paint in the automotive and aerospace industries while maintaining the integrity of the primer substance.



In de-coating applications, fiber lasers are the preferred option. They obviate the need for masking by precisely removing the layer of coating in the specified area, thus eliminating some of the challenges inherent in partial de-coating applications. Lasers can be used in:



Precise treatment for functional and design surfaces

Creating Faraday cages and continuity contacts for the aerospace industry

Partial removal of paint for electromagnetic compatibility

Produce bond points for wire connections

Strip coating in the electronics and automobile industry

Laser cleaning is highly effective in situations where critical weld seams on painted structures/parts must be de-coated for inspection purposes. The laser removes the coatings without the need for hand or power tools, abrasives, or chemicals that can hide the problem areas and cause further damage to the surface.



Selective paint removal. Selective paint removal represents one of the many applications of laser cleaning. In the automobile and aerospace industry, it is sometimes necessary to remove the top layer of paint while maintaining the primer. This is often the case when the top weathered coatings on vehicles need to be thoroughly removed before the application of a new paint finish.


Since the top layer of paint is physically and chemically different from the underlying primer, the power and frequency of the laser can be set to a frequency that only removes the top layer of paint.


The primer remains intact since the laser has no mechanical, chemical or thermal effect on it. This ensures the maintenance of the primer's corrosion resistance ability. When bare metal-to-metal contact is required for electrical continuity between parts, the laser cleaning process is preferred since it saves time and materials while improving the quality of the finished surfaces.
 
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