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For fodders, there are many kinds of elements indispensible. Dicalcium Phosphate

Dihydrate os also widely used in it.


What is Dihydrate (DCPD)?


Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), or CaHPO4·2H2O, is a leavening salt that

transfers into an acid when it contacts water and heat. This allows its reaction

with bases to produce gas in batter-based products, such as cakes or muffins.


One of the characteristics of DCPD is its slow rate of reaction. It reacts with

baking soda during the late stages of baking. That’s why it’s known as a heat-

triggered leavening acid.


Origin

DCPD is a type of orthophosphate, a single phosphate group with two calcium

atoms and two water molecules. This compound is a very stable acid salt which can be

stored under suboptimal conditions without adverse effects on its leavening

performance.


Function

Incorporation into aqueous systems and hydration is the key to DCPD

functionality in bakery batters. Especially, when heated to temperatures above 150°

F (65°C). With these two conditions met, DCPD breaks down into phosphorus-

containing acids and tricalcium phosphate. The acids formed then react with the

bicarbonate and produce CO2.


And of course, you can never miss vitamin. , any of several organic substances that are necessary in small

quantities for normal health and growth in higher forms of animal life. Vitamins are

distinct in several ways from other biologically important compounds such as

proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Although these latter substances also are

indispensable for proper bodily functions, almost all of them can be synthesized by

animals in adequate quantities. Vitamins, on the other hand, generally cannot be

synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet bodily needs and therefore must be

obtained from the diet or from some synthetic source. For this reason, vitamins are

called essential nutrients. Vitamins also differ from the other biological compounds

in that relatively small quantities are needed to complete their functions. In

general these functions are of a catalytic or regulatory nature, facilitating or

controlling vital chemical reactions in the body's cells. If a vitamin is absent

from the diet or is not properly absorbed by the body, a specific deficiency disease

may develop.


Vitamins are usually designated by selected letters of the alphabet, as in

vitamin D or vitamin C, though they are also designated by chemical names, such as

niacin and folic acid. Biochemists traditionally separate them into two groups, the

water-soluble vitamins and the fat-soluble vitamins. The common and chemical names

of vitamins of both groups, along with their main biological functions and

deficiency symptoms, are listed in the table.


Besides, there are some others have to be mentioned like , , , ,

,

and other

s.